Effects of idebenone on monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrovascular dementia.
Kawakami M, Itoh T.
3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 
St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1989 May;8(3):343-53

ABSTRACT

Monoamine metabolites and norepinephrine (NE) in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrovascular dementia were measured to study the effects of administration of idebenone. Six patients with cerebral infarction and one with cerebral hemorrhage (mean age 65.4 years) were enrolled as subjects. All the patients had mental and intelligence impairment which was evaluated by the Hasegawa's Dementia Rating (DR) Scale. The patients were medicated with a 90 mg/day dose of idebenone for 1 to 2 months, and homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) and NE in the cerebrospinal fluid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography before and after the medication of idebenone. Before the medication, the level of HVA was 21.7 +/- 1.4 ng/ml (mean +/- SE), which was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) as compared with that in control subjects of similar age. The level of 5-HIAA was 18.5 +/- 2.7 ng/ml, and that of MHPG 9.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, both of which were lower than those of the controls, though statistically not significant. NE was similar to the control value. After administration of idebenone, HVA measured was 27.1 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, showing a tendency to increase. The levels of 5-HIAA and MHPG were 26.7 +/- 2.3 ng/ml and 10.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, respectively, which were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than the premedication values. The percentages of the change were 12.8 +/- 8.0 for HVA, 58.2 +/- 18.5 for 5-HIAA and 14.2 +/- 5.0 for MHPG. The score of the DR scale was improved by 5 or less after the idebenone medication in most subjects. HVA and 5-HIAA increased markedly in the patients who showed a tendency of improvement of mental impairment as evaluated by the DR scale. The results suggested that idebenone would improve abnormalities in neurotransmitters of patients with cerebrovascular dementia, especially promoting serotonin turnover

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Idebenone - the ultimate anti-aging drug.  (article)
  
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Idebenone  in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
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Misc.
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Idebenone  suppression of cold ischemia/reperfusion injury of liver endothelium

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Idebenone  interaction with respiratory complexes of heart mitochondria

Idebenone  effect on serotonin release and seroton receptors in rats

Idebenone  protects hepatic microsomes against damage in organ preservation solutions

Idebenone  protects against toxicity induced by low density lipoprotein

Idebenone  protects against disorders due to cerebral hypoxia or ischemia

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Idebenone  attenuates neuronal degeneration induced by excitotoxins

Idebenone  augments long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices in the guinea pig

Idebenone  effects on electroencephalograms of patients with cerebrovascular disorders
   
Idebenone  effects on respiratory activities of brain mitochondria

Idebenone  effects on lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of stroke-prone, hypertensive rats

Idebenone  brain distribution and its effect on local cerebral glucose utilization in rats

Idebenone  effects on acetylcholine levels in the brains of rats with cerebral ischemia

Idebenone  protective effect of idebenone against hypoxia in mice

Idebenone  improves learning and memory impairment induced in rats

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on neurological deficits in stroke-prone rats

Idebenone  effects on memory induced impairment in rats

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral ischemia

Idebenone  inhibition of brain mitochondrial swelling by idebenone

Idebenone  inhibition of platelet aggregation by idebenone

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on monoamine metabolites of patients with dementia

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on metabolism of monoamines and cyclic AMP formation

Idebenone  effects on impairment of radial maze learning in cerebral embolized rats

Idebenone  effect of idebenone on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate

Idebenone  effects on muricidal behavior in rats with raphe lesions

Idebenone  inhibitory effect of idebenone on vascular lesions in hypertensive rats

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